{
  "family": "montague",
  "sample_count": 1,
  "category": "trojan",
  "description": "<h3>Executive Summary</h3>\nMontague is a dedicated Information Stealer (Info-stealer) Trojan. Its primary objective is to silently infiltrate a Windows workstation, rapidly extract sensitive data (including saved browser passwords, cryptocurrency wallets, and session cookies), and exfiltrate this intelligence to a remote Command and Control (C2) server before the victim realizes the machine has been compromised.\n\n<h3>Infection Vector and Technical Capabilities</h3>\nMontague is commonly distributed via highly targeted phishing campaigns, malicious links embedded in Discord or Telegram channels, or disguised as cracked software and game cheats on file-sharing networks.\n\nUpon execution, Montague is designed for speed and rapid data acquisition:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Browser Hooking and Extraction:</strong> The malware immediately targets the local storage databases of popular web browsers (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Brave). It extracts saved plaintext passwords, auto-fill data (including credit card numbers), and active session cookies. Stolen session cookies allow attackers to bypass Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for hijacked accounts.</li>\n<li><strong>Cryptocurrency Targeting:</strong> Montague actively searches the local filesystem (specifically the `%AppData%` directory) for wallet files associated with popular cryptocurrency clients (e.g., Bitcoin Core, Electrum) and browser-based wallet extensions (like MetaMask).</li>\n<li><strong>Rapid Exfiltration:</strong> Because Info-stealers do not necessarily need to maintain long-term persistence, Montague quickly bundles the stolen data into a compressed archive and transmits it to the attacker, often utilizing encrypted channels (HTTPS) or abusing legitimate APIs (like Telegram bots) to evade network detection.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<h3>Threat Assessment</h3>\nA Montague infection is a critical data breach. The immediate theft of session cookies and passwords can lead directly to corporate network compromise, massive financial fraud, and severe identity theft. Attackers frequently sell these \"logs\" on dark web marketplaces to Initial Access Brokers (IABs).\n\n<h3>Incident Response and Remediation</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Immediate Network Isolation:</strong> Isolate the machine to halt any ongoing data exfiltration.</li>\n<li><strong>Universal Credential Reset:</strong> Assume all passwords saved in the user's browser, as well as all active web sessions, are fully compromised. The user must force a logout of all active sessions and change all passwords from a known-secure device.</li>\n<li><strong>Endpoint Eradication:</strong> Utilize enterprise EDR or anti-malware tools to locate and terminate the Montague process. Pay close attention to scheduled tasks or registry run keys, as some variants do attempt persistence to steal newly entered credentials.</li>\n</ul>",
  "cta": "Published by the SystemHelpdesk team.",
  "aliases": [
    "Trojan.PWS.Montague",
    "Infostealer.Montague",
    "Win32/Montague"
  ],
  "enrichment_level": "expert-seo",
  "faq": [
    {
      "@type": "Question",
      "name": "What is Montague and what threat category does it belong to?",
      "acceptedAnswer": {
        "@type": "Answer",
        "text": "Montague is classified as a Trojan. Documented across security telemetry, it is engineered to execute unauthorized operations, establish persistent footholds on target endpoints, and facilitate malicious campaigns targeting enterprise and individual environments."
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Question",
      "name": "How does Montague establish persistence and evade defensive controls?",
      "acceptedAnswer": {
        "@type": "Answer",
        "text": "Montague typically establishes persistence through registry run keys, scheduled tasks, or service installations, while evading signature-based antivirus solutions through code obfuscation, memory injection, or anti-analysis sandbox checks."
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Question",
      "name": "What are the essential incident response steps for mitigating a Montague compromise?",
      "acceptedAnswer": {
        "@type": "Answer",
        "text": "Security teams responding to Montague should immediately isolate affected endpoints from the network, perform memory triage to capture volatile forensic artifacts, audit registry and startup persistence mechanisms, revoke exposed user credentials, and restore systems from verified, clean backups."
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Question",
      "name": "What secondary payloads and staging behaviors are commonly associated with Trojan.PWS.Montague?",
      "acceptedAnswer": {
        "@type": "Answer",
        "text": "Trojan.PWS.Montague frequently operates as a loader or dropper designed to establish a foothold before downloading and executing secondary high-impact malware payloads. Depending on the threat actor's objectives, these dropped modules can range from ransomware and banking injects to modular infostealers and remote management backdoors."
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Question",
      "name": "How can security operations teams effectively detect and hunt for Trojan.PWS.Montague across enterprise endpoints?",
      "acceptedAnswer": {
        "@type": "Answer",
        "text": "Defenders should hunt for Trojan.PWS.Montague by deploying behavioral endpoint detection and response (EDR) rules that monitor suspicious process spawning (such as cmd.exe or powershell.exe spawned from office documents or temporary directories), anomalous outbound network connections from non-browser binaries, and unauthorized modifications to Windows Run keys and scheduled task registries."
      }
    }
  ],
  "faq_count": 5,
  "mitre_attack": [
    "T1003",
    "T1552.001",
    "T1555.003",
    "T1048"
  ],
  "cisa_advisory": null,
  "last_updated": "2026-10-15",
  "type": "Trojan / Info-Stealer",
  "target_industries": [
    "Global / Opportunistic"
  ],
  "motivation": "Opportunistic",
  "threat_actors": [
    "Unknown / Cybercriminal"
  ],
  "target_geographies": [
    "Global"
  ],
  "attack_stage": [
    "execution",
    "persistence"
  ],
  "ecosystem": [
    "windows_pe"
  ],
  "is_emerging": false,
  "mitre_attack_detail": [
    {
      "id": "T1003",
      "name": "OS Credential Dumping (Built-in Mimikatz integration)",
      "tactic": "Credential Access"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1552.001",
      "name": "Credentials In Files (Harvesting passwords and wallets from local storage)",
      "tactic": "Credential Access"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1555.003",
      "name": "Credentials from Web Browsers",
      "tactic": "Unknown"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1048",
      "name": "Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol",
      "tactic": "Exfiltration"
    }
  ],
  "containment_steps": [
    "Sever network connectivity for the flagged endpoint to terminate persistent command-and-control (C2) communication channels and stop Montague from retrieving secondary stage payloads.",
    "Capture process memory triage to detect and terminate malicious threads injected by Montague into legitimate system processes such as explorer.exe or svchost.exe.",
    "Audit Windows Registry Run keys (HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run) and Task Scheduler entries to locate and purge Montague persistence hooks.",
    "Deploy updated enterprise EDR detection signatures and conduct an out-of-band endpoint scan to isolate dropped binaries and staged payloads.",
    "Rotate all credentials, domain user passwords, and session cookies active on the system during the Montague execution timeframe."
  ],
  "what_to_avoid": [
    "Do not assume the incident is resolved simply because an antivirus tool removed the initial Montague dropper; always verify that secondary payloads and persistence hooks have been eradicated.",
    "Avoid logging in with Domain Admin or privileged credentials on a machine suspected of running Montague until memory triage is complete.",
    "Do not delay host isolation; automated lateral movement and credential dumping can occur within minutes of initial execution."
  ],
  "target_platforms": [
    "Windows 11",
    "Windows 10",
    "Windows 7"
  ]
}