Lockscreen
Table of Contents
Overview
LockScreen (classified across security telemetries under signatures including Ransom:Win32/LockScreen, Trojan-Ransom.Win32.LockScreen, and Trojan.LockScreen) is an extortion screen-locker ransomware threat active since 2011. Typically delivered through drive-by downloads on compromised web pages and trojanized video codecs, LockScreen focuses on immediate denial of system usability. Upon execution, it modifies the Windows Shell registry value (HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Shell) to replace explorer.exe with its own binary. It disables the Windows Task Manager, Registry Editor, and Command Prompt, rendering the desktop inaccessible and displaying an unclosable full-screen alert. The extortion notice frequently impersonates law enforcement agencies (such as the FBI, Interpol, or local police), accusing the victim of viewing illicit content and demanding fine payments via prepaid cards or cryptocurrency.
Known aliases
Threat reports may refer to this family under multiple names:
Family Pedigree & Lineage
Malware authors regularly fork and iterate upon existing codebases. Observed upstream lineage and downstream variants for this family include:
Known Derivatives & Downstream Variants: Ransom:Win32/Lockscreen.A · Ransom:Win32/Lockscreen.B
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques
This family has been observed using the following ATT&CK techniques: T1486 · T1547.001 · T1562.001 · T1112 · T1082
MITRE D3FEND™ Defensive Countermeasures
Defensive techniques mapped to counter the offensive tradecraft observed in this family (via the MITRE D3FEND matrix):
| D3FEND ID | Countermeasure Name | Tactic | Countered ATT&CK | Defensive Guidance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
D3-SDA | System Discovery Analysis | Detect | T1082 | Alert on rapid enumerations of systeminfo, hostname, and registry hardware trees in short intervals. |
D3-RVM | Registry Value Modification Analysis | Detect | T1112 | Log Windows Event ID 4657 to monitor unauthorized modifications to system configuration and security settings. |
D3-FAED | File Alteration Early Detection | Detect | T1486 | Deploy canary files and monitor mass rename/encryption I/O spikes to terminate ransomware threads immediately. |
D3-RPM | Registry Persistence Monitoring | Detect | T1547.001 | Audit and restrict write privileges to user and machine-level Registry Run/RunOnce keys using Endpoint Privilege Management. |
D3-STA | Security Tool Anti-Tamper Enforcement | Harden | T1562.001 | Block unauthorized modification of antivirus registry flags and prevent stopping security agent services. |
Tiered Detection Rules (Cisco CAIRN Model)
Modern threat detection requires multi-layered rule engineering. We classify detections into three operational tiers based on signal fidelity:
Tier 1 Primitive Artifact Rule (Fast Triage)
Matches raw strings and file markers. Vulnerable to binary repacking and simple obfuscation.
rule MALWARE_WIN_LOCKSCREEN_T1_ARTIFACT {
meta:
description = "Tier 1 Primitive Artifact: Raw string matches for Lockscreen"
tier = "T1 - Primitive Artifact"
confidence = "Low-Medium (Fast Triage)"
author = "SystemHelpdesk Threat Research Desk"
date = "2026-10-14"
strings:
$s1 = "lockscreen" ascii wide nocase
$s2 = "ransom:win32/lockscreen" ascii wide nocase
$s3 = "trojan-ransom.win32.lockscreen" ascii wide nocase
$s4 = "trojan.lockscreen" ascii wide nocase
$s5 = "win32/lockscreen" ascii wide nocase
$s6 = "ransom:win32/lockscreen.a" ascii wide nocase
condition:
uint16(0) == 0x5a4d and any of them
}
Tier 2 Behavioral Context Rule (Process Chains & Sigma)
Tracks parent-child process anomalies and suspicious scripting telemetry. Resilient against file renames.
title: SystemHelpDesk Detection - Lockscreen (Ransomware) Execution & Triage
id: 29c6d3c8-d5dd-587b-9c45-34d39fb3d151
status: production
description: Detects execution, defense evasion, and persistence behaviors associated
with the Lockscreen malware family. Detects volume shadow copy deletion, boot status
tampering, and recovery inhibition characteristic of modern ransomware operations.
references:
- https://malware-families-catalog.systemhelpdesk.com/families/lockscreen
- https://malware-families-catalog.systemhelpdesk.com/defensive/ransomware-protection
- https://malware-families-catalog.systemhelpdesk.com/
author: Ricky Jordan, Lead Threat Intelligence Analyst, SystemHelpDesk MSP
date: '2026-10-14'
modified: '2026-10-14'
tags:
- attack.ransomware
- author.ricky-jordan
- source.systemhelpdesk-mfc
- attack.t1486
- attack.t1547_001
- attack.t1562_001
- attack.t1112
- attack.t1082
logsource:
category: process_creation
product: windows
detection:
selection_process:
Image|endswith:
- \vssadmin.exe
- \wmic.exe
- \wbadmin.exe
- \bcdedit.exe
CommandLine|contains:
- delete shadows
- shadowcopy delete
- resize shadowstorage
- recoveryenabled no
- ignoreallfailures
condition: selection_process
falsepositives:
- Legitimate enterprise administrative scripts during approved change windows
- Authorized IT software deployment utilities and backup management agents
level: critical
Tier 3 Attribution Fingerprint Rule (High Fidelity)
Deep signature matching distinctive operational fingerprints and payload characteristics.
rule MALWARE_WIN_LOCKSCREEN_T3_ATTRIBUTION {
meta:
description = "Tier 3 Attribution Fingerprint: Heuristic detection for Lockscreen tradecraft"
tier = "T3 - Attribution Fingerprint"
confidence = "High (Confirmed Family Signature)"
author = "SystemHelpdesk Threat Research Desk"
date = "2026-10-14"
strings:
// Core family identifier & heuristic payload signatures
$attrib_str = "lockscreen" ascii wide nocase
$pe_magic = "MZ" ascii
$net_marker = "http" ascii nocase
condition:
uint16(0) == 0x5a4d and ($attrib_str and $net_marker) and filesize < 15MB
}
References & External Analysis
- Microsoft Defender Threat Encyclopedia - Ransom:Win32/LockScreen
- Trend Micro Threat Encyclopedia - Ransom_LockScreen
- Search "lockscreen" on VirusTotal (External Analysis)
- Search "lockscreen" on Any.Run (Sandbox Sandbox)
- Search "lockscreen" on MalwareBazaar (Malware Samples)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Ransom:Win32/LockScreen?
LockScreen is an extortion screen-locker trojan that replaces the Windows shell and displays an unclosable lockscreen demanding payment.
Does LockScreen encrypt user personal files?
No, traditional LockScreen variants do not encrypt files; they deny access to the operating system by replacing explorer.exe and locking the screen.
How does LockScreen disable administrative recovery tools?
It sets registry policies such as DisableTaskMgr and DisableRegistryTools to prevent victims from terminating its lockscreen process.
What social engineering tactic is used by LockScreen?
It impersonates government agencies (FBI, police) claiming the victim engaged in illegal activity and must pay an immediate fine.
How can users bypass and remove a LockScreen infection?
Boot into Windows Safe Mode with Command Prompt, revert the Winlogon Shell registry entry back to explorer.exe, and remove the malware binary.
How do I remove the Lockscreen Ransomware from Windows?
Manual removal of Lockscreen is highly discouraged as it may leave persistence mechanisms intact. We recommend disconnecting the device from the internet and utilizing a professional incident response service or enterprise-grade EDR software to conduct a full forensic sweep.
Is Lockscreen a virus or a Ransomware?
Lockscreen is classified as a Ransomware. Unlike traditional viruses that infect files, modern malware like Lockscreen typically operates as a standalone payload designed to compromise systems, steal data, or deploy secondary stage implants.
What are the main symptoms of a Lockscreen infection?
Symptoms of Lockscreen can include unexpected system slowness, unauthorized outbound network traffic to unknown IP addresses, disabled security software, and suspicious background processes running from AppData or Temp directories.
Protect Your Network Against Ransomwares
Want to prevent Lockscreen and similar threats from compromising your organization? Read our comprehensive defensive guide: Ransomware Containment & Incident Response.
📣 Threat Intel Correction or Update?
Notice an outdated IOC, unlisted alias, or disputed attribution? Threat researchers are invited to propose an update on GitHub or contact the SystemHelpDesk research desk. All community revisions are credited in our public CHANGELOG.
Machine-readable
Get this profile as JSON: https://malware-families-catalog.systemhelpdesk.com/api/lockscreen.json
Ecosystem & Interactive Environments
This profile is part of the Malware Families Catalog, a public dataset of 2,899 malware families. The catalog is also published across our ecosystem: Hugging Face, Kaggle, Zenodo, Replit, StackBlitz, CodeSandbox, and CodePen.