MITRE ATT&CK Threat Matrix & Technique Directory
This directory indexes 251 MITRE ATT&CK techniques observed across our catalog of 2,966 malware families. Each technique hub provides in-depth technical analysis, offensive execution patterns, telemetry-driven detection signatures, containment guidance, and an interactive roster of all associated malware families.
Initial Access(13 Techniques)
Techniques used by adversaries to gain their initial foothold within an enterprise network, spanning spearphishing, drive-by downloads, exploit kits, and compromised edge perimeter appliances.
- T1566.001: Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment (822 families)
- T1189: Drive-by Compromise (352 families)
- T1566.002: Phishing: Spearphishing Link (Social engineering to force the user to download the tool) (98 families)
- T1078: Valid Accounts (The goal of the attack) (21 families)
- T1190: Exploit Public-Facing Application (The typical initial infection vector) (18 families)
- T1110.001: Brute Force: Password Guessing (14 families)
- T1133: External Remote Services (Commonly deployed via brute-forced RDP connections) (14 families)
- T1566: Phishing (6 families)
- T1195.002: Compromise Software Supply Chain (5 families)
- T1199: Trusted Relationship (Exploiting MSP infrastructure) (3 families)
- T1195: Supply Chain Compromise (Infecting the development compiler) (2 families)
- T1444: Drive-by Compromise (Malicious third-party app stores) (1 families)
- T1192: Spearphishing Link (1 families)
Execution(21 Techniques)
Techniques that result in adversary-controlled code running on a local or remote target system, including command-line interpreters, PowerShell payloads, and native binary proxy execution.
- T1059: Command and Scripting Interpreter (388 families)
- T1204.002: User Execution: Malicious File (Relying on the user to execute the unique payload) (236 families)
- T1059.003: Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell (164 families)
- T1106: Native API (53 families)
- T1059.001: Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell (Used in infection chain) (46 families)
- T1204: User Execution (Relying on the user to bypass the heuristic warning) (30 families)
- T1059.005: Command and Scripting Interpreter: Visual Basic (VBScript within the ASP file) (25 families)
- T1129: Shared Modules (Direct API calls via DllCall) (15 families)
- T1059.004: Command and Scripting Interpreter: Unix Shell (or Windows CMD/Batch) (9 families)
- T1569.002: System Services: Service Execution (9 families)
- T1059.007: Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript/JScript/AutoIt (8 families)
- T1203: Exploitation for Client Execution (Exploiting Office vulnerabilities) (8 families)
- T1047: Windows Management Instrumentation (8 families)
- T1059.006: Command and Scripting Interpreter: Python (5 families)
- T1053: Technique (2 families)
- T1626: Technique (2 families)
- T1569: System Services (1 families)
- T1049: Technique (1 families)
- T1043: Technique (1 families)
- T1204.001: Malicious Link (1 families)
- T1559: Inter-Process Communication (Abusing shared CPU cache for side-channels) (1 families)
Persistence(22 Techniques)
Mechanisms that adversaries use to maintain access across reboots, credential changes, and system maintenance, including Registry Run keys, scheduled tasks, and autostart services.
- T1547.001: Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder (1,408 families)
- T1176: Browser Extensions (301 families)
- T1543.003: Create or Modify System Process: Windows Service (113 families)
- T1053.005: Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task (Using tasks for persistent, recurring execution) (112 families)
- T1547.009: Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Shortcut Modification (Altering browser shortcuts) (13 families)
- T1547.004: Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Winlogon Helper DLL (Shell hijacking) (11 families)
- T1542.003: Pre-OS Boot: Bootkit (9 families)
- T1546.003: Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription (9 families)
- T1547: Boot or Logon Autostart Execution (Winlogon/BHO) (6 families)
- T1543: Create or Modify System Process (Establishing persistence) (5 families)
- T1505.003: Server Software Component: Web Shell (The core backdoor mechanism) (4 families)
- T1546.001: Event Triggered Execution: Change Default File Association (3 families)
- T1136.001: Create Account: Local Account (net user /add) (1 families)
- T1136.002: Create Account: Domain Account (1 families)
- T1137.001: Office Template Macros (1 families)
- T1542.002: Component Firmware (1 families)
- T1546.010: Event Triggered Execution: AppInit DLLs (Persistence and injection mechanism) (1 families)
- T1546.008: Event Triggered Execution: File Infection (PE Injection) (1 families)
- T1547.006: Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Kernel Modules and Extensions (LKM) (1 families)
- T1505.001: Server Software Component: SQL Stored Procedures (Abusing xp_cmdshell) (1 families)
- T1574: Hijack Execution Flow (The action of patching the legitimate binary) (1 families)
- T1629.002: Device Driver Firmware (1 families)
Privilege Escalation(8 Techniques)
Techniques used to obtain higher-level permissions on systems, elevating standard user context to SYSTEM, root, or domain administrator through kernel exploits and token manipulation.
- T1546.015: Event Triggered Execution: Component Object Model Hijacking (45 families)
- T1068: Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (24 families)
- T1548.002: Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism: Bypass User Account Control (9 families)
- T1546: Event Triggered Execution: Browser Shortcut Modification (9 families)
- T1546.012: Event Triggered Execution: Image File Execution Options Injection (Disabling Task Manager) (4 families)
- T1628: Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism: Accessibility Features (2 families)
- T1134.001: Access Token Manipulation: Token Impersonation/Theft (Using SeDebugPrivilege) (2 families)
- T1404: Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (Exploiting the Android/Linux kernel) (2 families)
Defense Evasion(54 Techniques)
Tradecraft designed to avoid detection, analysis, and eradication throughout their operational lifecycle, including process injection, file obfuscation, and disabling defensive telemetry.
- T1055: Process Injection (1,084 families)
- T1027: Obfuscated Files or Information (928 families)
- T1562.001: Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify Tools (449 families)
- T1112: Modify Registry (332 families)
- T1027.002: Obfuscated Files or Information: Software Packing (108 families)
- T1055.001: Dynamic-link Library Injection (63 families)
- T1055.012: Process Injection: Process Hollowing (RunPE) (59 families)
- T1497.001: Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion: System Checks (40 families)
- T1014: Rootkit (Hiding files and processes) (35 families)
- T1036.005: Match Legitimate Name or Location (30 families)
- T1562.004: Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify System Firewall (Closing SMB ports to protect its host from competing malware) (23 families)
- T1070.004: Indicator Removal on Host: File Deletion (Deleting the dropped executable after exfiltration) (19 families)
- T1574.002: DLL Side-Loading (19 families)
- T1055.002: Process Injection: Portable Executable Injection (18 families)
- T1036: Masquerading (Disguising adware consent forms) (18 families)
- T1620: Reflective Code Loading (15 families)
- T1564.001: Hide Artifacts: Hidden Files and Directories (Hiding the real folders) (14 families)
- T1140: Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information (12 families)
- T1562: Impair Defenses (Suspicious API calls) (9 families)
- T1574.001: Hijack Execution Flow: Search Order Hijacking (DLL Wrapping) (8 families)
- T1070.001: Indicator Removal: Clear Windows Event Logs (The primary function of the tool) (7 families)
- T1036.004: Masquerade Task or Service (6 families)
- T1622: Debugger Evasion (Nanomites, Anti-dumping) (5 families)
- T1036.003: Masquerading: Rename System Utilities (Using folder icons for executables) (5 families)
- T1027.003: Obfuscated Files or Information: Steganography (5 families)
- T1553.002: Code Signing (5 families)
- T1218.011: System Binary Proxy Execution: Rundll32 (4 families)
- T1497: Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion (Commercial packers often include features to prevent execution in analysis environments) (4 families)
- T1562.002: Impair Defenses: Disable Windows Event Logging (4 families)
- T1553.004: Subvert Trust Controls: Install Root Certificate (Breaking TLS) (4 families)
- T1564: Hide Artifacts (4 families)
- T1027.001: Obfuscated Files or Information: Indicator Removal from Tools (4 families)
- T1036.002: Masquerading: Right-to-Left Override (3 families)
- T1078.002: Domain Accounts (3 families)
- T1027.005: Obfuscated Files or Information: Indicator Removal from Tools (3 families)
- T1564.003: Hide Artifacts: Hidden Window (The primary function of the tool) (3 families)
- T1497.002: User Activity Checks (2 families)
- T1480: Execution Guardrails (2 families)
- T1197: BITS Jobs (The core technique abused by this malware) (2 families)
- T1218: System Binary Proxy Execution (Using bitsadmin or svchost to proxy the network request) (2 families)
- T1027.009: Obfuscated Files or Information: Embedded Payloads (Extracting the PUPs from the wrapper) (2 families)
- T1480.001: Environmental Keying (1 families)
- T1553.006: Subvert Trust Controls: Code Signing Policy Modification (Loading untrusted drivers) (1 families)
- T1564.006: Hide Artifacts: Run Virtual Instance (Creating the hidden Window Station/Desktop) (1 families)
- T1006: Direct Volume Access (Required to overwrite Sector 0) (1 families)
- T1218.007: System Binary Proxy Execution: Msiexec (1 families)
- T1222.001: Windows DACL Modification (1 families)
- T1089: Disabling Security Tools (1 families)
- T1205.001: Traffic Signaling: Port Knocking (Hidden Backdoor) (1 families)
- T1562.006: Impair Defenses: Indicator Blocking (Modifying host firewalls to block EDR telemetry) (1 families)
- T1564.004: Hide Artifacts: NTFS File Attributes (1 families)
- T1542: Pre-OS Boot (1 families)
- T1036.001: Masquerading: Invalid Code Signature (1 families)
- T1055.009: Process Injection: PE Injection (1 families)
Credential Access(24 Techniques)
Techniques for stealing credentials such as plaintext passwords, password hashes, and Kerberos tickets using memory dumping (LSASS) and browser credential store decryption.
- T1056.001: Keylogging (250 families)
- T1552.001: Credentials In Files (Harvesting passwords and wallets from local storage) (30 families)
- T1555: Credentials from Password Stores (27 families)
- T1056: Input Capture (23 families)
- T1003: OS Credential Dumping (Built-in Mimikatz integration) (23 families)
- T1539: Steal Web Session Cookie (Abusing active authenticated sessions to perform social media fraud) (22 families)
- T1003.001: OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory (Behaviorally blocking access to credential stores) (22 families)
- T1056.004: Input Capture: Credential API Hooking (17 families)
- T1111: Two-Factor Authentication Interception (Using Man-in-the-Browser web injects to steal OTPs) (9 families)
- T1555.004: Credentials from Password Stores: Windows Credential Manager (9 families)
- T1040: Network Sniffing (Stealing credentials in transit) (7 families)
- T1556: Modify Authentication Process (7 families)
- T1110: Brute Force (5 families)
- T1003.002: OS Credential Dumping: Security Account Manager (SAM) (5 families)
- T1552: Credentials in Files (Stealing Bitcoin wallets and saved passwords prior to encryption) (4 families)
- T1552.004: Unsecured Credentials: Private Keys (3 families)
- T1636: Data from Local System: Screen Capture (Using Overlay Attacks to steal credentials) (3 families)
- T1528: Steal Application Access Token (Abusing OAuth authorizations for social media access) (2 families)
- T1098.002: Account Manipulation: Additional Email Delegate Permissions (Mass spamming) (2 families)
- T1110.004: Brute Force: Credential Stuffing (The core function of the Snipr tool) (2 families)
- T1556.001: Modify Authentication Process: Network Device Authentication (Bypassing 2FA mechanisms) (1 families)
- T1110.002: Brute Force: Password Cracking (Offline) (1 families)
- T1110.003: Brute Force: Password Spraying (1 families)
- T1557.002: Adversary-in-the-Middle: ARP Poisoning / Local Proxy Injection (1 families)
Discovery(15 Techniques)
Techniques adversaries employ to observe and orient themselves within an enterprise environment, profiling network shares, Active Directory domains, and local system configurations.
- T1082: System Information Discovery (84 families)
- T1083: File and Directory Discovery (60 families)
- T1046: Network Service Discovery (Port Scanning) (23 families)
- T1012: Query Registry (Identifying mounted drives and network shares to encrypt) (14 families)
- T1057: Process Discovery (5 families)
- T1135: Network Share Discovery (2 families)
- T1016: System Network Configuration Discovery (2 families)
- T1124: System Time Discovery (1 families)
- T1120: Peripheral Device Discovery (Activating the microphone for audio surveillance) (1 families)
- T1479: System Information Discovery (Profiling installed banking apps) (1 families)
- T0836: Modify Parameter (ICS specifically: OPC Network Scanning/Enumeration) (1 families)
- T1087.002: Account Discovery: Domain Account (1 families)
- T1426: System Information Discovery (Profiling kernel versions for exploits) (1 families)
- T1614.001: System Location Discovery: Location Tracking (Often bundled to target specific regional carriers) (1 families)
- T1018: Remote System Discovery (1 families)
Lateral Movement(12 Techniques)
Methods used to extend access to additional remote systems and compute nodes within an enterprise network via SMB/RPC, Windows Remote Management, and RDP sessions.
- T1091: Replication Through Removable Media (The core propagation mechanism using autorun.inf) (56 families)
- T1021.002: Remote Services: SMB/Windows Admin Shares (20 families)
- T1210: Exploitation of Remote Services (Using EternalBlue to spread laterally) (19 families)
- T1021.001: Remote Services: Remote Desktop Protocol (Utilizing built-in or custom VNC for graphical access) (12 families)
- T1534: Internal Spearphishing (Mass-mailing propagation) (7 families)
- T1570: Lateral Tool Transfer (6 families)
- T1021: Remote Services (Lateral movement to critical bank infrastructure) (6 families)
- T1080: Taint Shared Content (Spreading via SMB shares) (3 families)
- T1550.002: Use Alternate Authentication Material: Pass the Hash (3 families)
- T1563: Remote Service Session Hijacking (1 families)
- T1021.005: Remote Services: VNC (Hidden Desktop manipulation) (1 families)
- T1563.002: RDP Hijacking (1 families)
Collection(19 Techniques)
Adversary tradecraft focused on gathering sensitive files, keystrokes, screen captures, audio, and database records prior to exfiltration.
- T1185: Browser Session Hijacking (Ad injection and tracking) (152 families)
- T1113: Screen Capture (97 families)
- T1125: Video/Audio Capture (42 families)
- T1005: Data from Local System (Scraping RAM for Track 1/Track 2 data) (41 families)
- T1115: Clipboard Data (39 families)
- T1114: Email Collection (Harvesting addresses for spamming) (23 families)
- T1114.001: Email Collection: Local Email Collection (15 families)
- T1056.002: Input Capture: GUI Input Capture (Monitoring active window titles for targeted banks) (10 families)
- T1123: Audio Capture (8 families)
- T1560.001: Archive Collected Data: Archive via Utility (Using WinRAR for extortion) (7 families)
- T1074.001: Data Staged: Local Data Staging (Storing scraped cards in a hidden file) (6 families)
- T1114.003: Email Forwarding Rule (4 families)
- T1624.001: Data from Information Repositories: Short Message Service (SMS) (Intercepting MFA tokens) (2 families)
- T1114.002: Remote Email Server Collection (1 families)
- T1074: Data Staged (1 families)
- T1119: Automated Collection (1 families)
- T1533: Data from Local System (Harvesting contact lists for further spam) (1 families)
- T1624: Location and Audio/Video Capture (Adapted for requesting excessive SMS permissions) (1 families)
- T1417: Input Capture (1 families)
Command and Control(27 Techniques)
Communication channels and covert protocols utilized to maintain interactive control of compromised implants through legitimate web protocols, encrypted proxies, and DNS tunneling.
- T1105: Ingress Tool Transfer (1,358 families)
- T1071.001: Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols (C2 Communication) (272 families)
- T1568.002: Dynamic Resolution: Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA) (Evading C2 blacklisting) (72 families)
- T1090: Proxy (20 families)
- T1071: Application Layer Protocol (Stratum Protocol to Mining Pools) (13 families)
- T1090.003: Proxy: Multi-hop Proxy (Use of Tor/I2P for C2) (13 families)
- T1219: Remote Access Software (Abusing a legitimate tool for malicious interactive access) (11 families)
- T1071.002: Application Layer Protocol: File Transfer Protocols (Use of IRC for C2) (8 families)
- T1090.002: Connection Proxy: External Proxy (Abusing the tool for routing) (6 families)
- T1071.003: Mail Protocols (6 families)
- T1573.001: Encrypted Channel: Symmetric Cryptography (6 families)
- T1571: Non-Standard Port (5 families)
- T1573: Encrypted Channel (5 families)
- T1090.001: Proxy: Internal Proxy (4 families)
- T1573.002: Asymmetric Cryptography (4 families)
- T1102.001: Web Service: Dead Drop Resolver (Using YouTube/GitHub for C2 routing) (3 families)
- T1071.004: Application Layer Protocol: DNS (Exfiltrating stolen card data via DNS tunneling) (3 families)
- T1437: Application Layer Protocol (Communicating with C2 to fetch premium shortcodes) (2 families)
- T1001.003: Data Obfuscation: Protocol Impersonation (Malleable C2 profiles) (1 families)
- T1560.003: Custom Cryptographic Protocol (1 families)
- T1102: Web Service: Dead Drop Resolver (1 families)
- T1132.001: Standard Data Encoding (1 families)
- T1568: Dynamic Resolution (1 families)
- T1092: Communication Through Removable Media (1 families)
- T1568.001: Fast Flux DNS (1 families)
- T1572: Protocol Tunneling (1 families)
- T1132: Data Encoding (1 families)
Exfiltration(5 Techniques)
Techniques used to stealthily transfer proprietary data, intellectual property, and credentials out of the enterprise perimeter to adversary-operated infrastructure.
- T1041: Exfiltration Over C2 Channel (59 families)
- T1048: Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol (53 families)
- T1048.003: Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol (Exfiltration via SMTP/Email) (26 families)
- T1567.002: Exfiltration to Cloud Storage (3 families)
- T1567: Exfiltration Over Web Service (1 families)
Impact(22 Techniques)
Techniques adversaries use to disrupt business operations, destroy system integrity, or manipulate critical availability, including high-speed ransomware encryption and disk wiping.
- T1486: Data Encrypted for Impact (171 families)
- T1490: Inhibit System Recovery (Behaviorally blocking the deletion of backups) (150 families)
- T1498: Network Denial of Service (Coordinated DDoS attacks) (51 families)
- T1491: Defacement (Displaying fake security warnings / Scareware) (47 families)
- T1496: Resource Hijacking (The core function of mining Monero cryptocurrency) (40 families)
- T1491.001: Defacement: Internal Defacement (40 families)
- T1489: Service Stop (Forcefully stopping AV services) (39 families)
- T1485: Data Destruction (28 families)
- T1498.001: Network Denial of Service: Direct Network Flood (14 families)
- T1561.002: Disk Wipe: Disk Structure Wipe (MBR Overwrite) (10 families)
- T1499: Endpoint Denial of Service (Consuming resources via invisible ad loading and click fraud) (6 families)
- T1561.001: Disk Wipe: Disk Content Wipe (5 families)
- T1498.002: Network Denial of Service: Reflection Amplification (Used for Spam/DDoS) (4 families)
- T1565.001: Data Manipulation: Stored Data Manipulation (Altering DNS IP settings) (4 families)
- T1491.002: Defacement: Internal Defacement (Creating a full-screen, unclosable ransom note) (4 families)
- T1529: System Shutdown/Reboot (Forcing a restart to trigger the unbootable state) (4 families)
- T1629: Financial Theft: SMS Toll Fraud (Sending premium SMS messages) (2 families)
- T1565.002: Transmitted Data Manipulation (1 families)
- T1488: Disk Wipe (Sometimes used to cover tracks after a heist) (1 families)
- T1561: Disk Wipe (1 families)
- T1499.004: Endpoint DoS Exploitation (1 families)
- T1022: Data Encrypted for Impact (1 families)
Reconnaissance(3 Techniques)
- T1589.001: Gather Victim Identity Information: Credentials (Relying on previously breached password lists) (2 families)
- T1595.002: Active Scanning: Vulnerability Scanning (Mass-scanning for port 27017) (1 families)
- T1590.002: Gather Victim Network Information: DNS (Understanding the network layout) (1 families)
Resource Development(4 Techniques)
- T1583.003: Acquire Infrastructure: Botnet (3 families)
- T1584: Compromise Infrastructure (2 families)
- T1587.001: Develop Capabilities: Malware (2 families)
- T1583: Acquire Infrastructure (1 families)